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Assassinations of Little Haiti journalists
Assassinations of Little Haiti journalists is about the murder of three US Haitian and pro-democracy radio journalists in Little Haiti, Miami, Florida, United States between 1991 and 1993.
The assassinations took place during a period when Haiti was undergoing a turbulent transition to democracy, and those political tensions were manifested in the Little Haiti neighborhood by the deadly attacks on radio journalists. The attacks caught attention of the Haitian community. There was further interest in whether the murders were ordered by the Haitian military regime as that could possibly change the status of refugees from economic to political asylum seekers.〔 In addition to the journalists, radio host Ringo Cayard owned a building that was bombed after D'Or's murder, and Daniel Buron, a bus driver who supported democracy, was assassinated on 9 March 1994 in Little Haiti.〔 The FBI was brought in once it was determined that the motive was political.
The three journalists belong to the group of eleven race and ethnic community journalists to be killed in the United States since 1977, which includes Chauncey Bailey.〔〔〔
==Political context==
Jean-Bertrand Aristide became Haiti's first democratically-elected president on 7 February 1991 after a long history of dictatorships and a new Constitution. Even before the inauguration of Aristide, there was a failed coup in January 1991.〔Collins, Edward Jr., Cole, Timothy M. (1996), "Regime Legitimation in Instances of Coup-Caused Governments-in-Exile: The Cases of Presidents Makarios and Aristide", ''Journal of International Law & Practice'' 5(2), p 220.〕 However, Aristide was in office less than a year before he was ousted in a military coup on 30 September 1991. Although President Aristide had a short-lived presidential term, he created hope among Haitians that their conditions would improve and managed to introduce some human rights reforms. The military coup that overthrew the government of President Aristide was under the leadership of Lt. General Raoul Cédras, who had been selected by President Aristide to serve as commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The United States pushed those governing in Haiti to reinstate Aristide and honor the democratic vote. A multilateral effort led to the diplomatic agreement known as the Governors Island Agreement, which was signed to achieve the return of Aristide on 3 July 1993.〔 If successful, the process return of President Aristide by 30 October 1993. However, Cédras defaulted on the agreement. This led to a United Nations' mandate in July 1994 to use force, if necessary, to restore the democratically elected president. With an imminent US invasion planned for September 1994, Cédras left Haiti, which led to the return of President Aristide.〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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